**Reducing Plastic Pollution: The Need for Mandatory Jute Packaging in Bangladesh**
Plastic bags, particularly single-use plastics, have become a major cause for environmental pollution in Bangladesh. The accumulation of plastic waste in urban areas, rural fields, and public spaces is not only aesthetically unpleasant but also poses significant environmental and health risks.
| Impact of Plastic Pollution | Effects on the Environment | Health Risks |
|---|---|---|
| Clogging of Drainage Systems | Waterlogging and Flooding during the Monsoon | Contamination of Water Sources |
| Pollution of Rivers and Canals | Harm to Aquatic Ecosystems | Soil Degradation in Rural Areas |
In recent years, the interim government of Bangladesh has prioritized the production of environmentally sustainable jute bags to replace plastic bags in transportation and marketing. The feasibility of mandatory jute packaging has been dependent on consumer awareness and economic factors. **Economic Benefits of Mandatory Jute Packaging**
The introduction of mandatory jute packaging is not just an environmental initiative, but also a significant economic opportunity. It will positively impact the economy by creating employment, particularly in rural areas, and potentially reducing poverty. The Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) reported that the export of jute and jute products earned $912 million in FY2022-23.
| Export of Jute and Jute Products | Year | Amount (in USD) |
|---|---|---|
| EPB Report 2022-23 | FY2022-23 | $912 million |
**Legislative Framework**
Bangladesh enacted the Mandatory Jute Packaging Act, 2010 to address this situation. This law is aimed at reducing the use of single-use plastic bags and protect against environmental pollution. Section 4 of the act states that no product prescribed under this act can be sold, distributed or supplied without being wrapped in jute packaging. **Enforcement and Penalties**
As per Section 12 of the act, any product packaged violating the law will be confiscated. And according to Section 14, if any person who violates the law and instead uses artificial wrapping for selling, distributing or supplying products prescribed under the law, they will be subject to imprisonment not exceeding one year or a fine not exceeding Tk 50,000 or both. **Challenges in Enforcement**
Despite these laws, the desired results have yet to be achieved due to inadequate enforcement of the rules and law. Due to widespread availability of plastics, many traders resist switching to jute packaging, often perceived as less convenient and more expensive. Unfortunately, harmful polythene remains prevalent, from street vendors to shopping malls. Even small items purchased from the local groceries are frequently given in polythene bags, as are products such as rice, pulses, fish, meat, and vegetables. **Solutions to Strengthen Enforcement**
To ensure compliance, it is crucial that the government amends the existing law to require jute packaging for all mills and imposes stricter penalties, including licence revocation. Furthermore, to enforce the mandatory use of jute packaging, the authorities should increase the number of mobile courts conducting regular inspections. This will send a strong message to violators and deter future non-compliance. **Reviving the Lost Tradition of Jute**
It is imperative to revive the lost tradition of jute in our economy and encourage the widespread use of eco-friendly jute products. The Mandatory Jute Packaging Act, 2010 is a significant law, but its implementation needs to be improved. To ensure its success, it is imperative to raise public awareness and encourage active participation of the government, businesses, and citizens. By addressing these issues, Bangladesh can significantly reduce plastic pollution and promote sustainable practices. Atiqur Rahaman is an apprentice lawyer at the District and Sessions Judge’s Court, Dhaka and a human rights activist. Views expressed in this article are the author’s own. Follow The Daily Star Opinion on Facebook for the latest opinions, commentaries, and analyses by experts and professionals. To contribute your article or letter to The Daily Star Opinion, see our guidelines for submission.
